SQL (Structured Query Language) is a powerful, domain-specific programming language designed for managing, querying, and manipulating data in relational database management systems (RDBMS). Developed in the 1970s at IBM, SQL has become the industry standard for interacting with relational databases such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server. SQL uses a declarative syntax that closely resembles English, making it accessible for both technical and non-technical users. SQL enables users to perform complex queries, join multiple tables, aggregate data, and enforce data integrity through constraints and transactions. It is foundational to web development, business intelligence, data analysis, and virtually all modern data-driven applications, and remains a critical skill for developers, analysts, and database administrators.
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